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Stone tools in Ukraine dated to 1.4 million years ago may be the earliest solid evidence of humans in Europe, a new study reveals. The makers of these tools likely weren't Homo sapiens but a close, now-extinct relation. Scientists analyzed finds from the archaeological site of Korolevo in western Ukraine, where researchers have unearthed stone tools, such as choppers, from the Paleolithic (2.6 million to 10,500 years ago) since the site's discovery in 1974.  The artifacts at Korolevo were made by hominins — the group that includes modern humans and the extinct species more closely related to humans than any other animal — but it's unknown which species created them. Other hominins reached Europe long before Homo sapiens did. While modern humans left Africa as early as about 270,000 years ago , now-extinct human species had already migrated from Africa to Eurasia by at least 1.8 million years ago . The oldest artifacts at Korolevo were stone tools left on a riv...

Since the late 1800s, we've known that other types of humans once roamed our planet. At that time, scientists recognized that fossils unearthed in caves across Europe belonged to archaic humans now known as Neanderthals . Over that time, our understanding of Neanderthals has undergone dramatic upheavals. In the early 1900s, scientists conceived of Neanderthals as apelike and almost bestial. But in the past few decades, unambiguous evidence has indicated that our closest human relatives mated with us at multiple points in time. Artifacts found at several sites suggest Neanderthals may even have had aesthetic projects . Ludovic Slimak , an explorer and archaeologist at the Centre for Anthropobiology and Genomics of Toulouse in France, has been fascinated by archaeology since he was 5 and has spent more than 30 years hunting for our closest human relatives in caves on nearly every continent. He spoke with Live Science about his new book, " The Naked Neanderthal: A New U...

The first humans to settle the Amazon Basin arrived around 13,000 years ago as part of a mass migration that quickly swept across the Americas, researchers have discovered. After coming to what is now Serranía de la Lindosa, an archaeological site on the northern edge of the Colombian Amazon, these early Americans lived in rock shelters, fashioned stone tools, hunted and gathered and created massive displays of rock art , according to a new study, published in the March issue of the journal Quaternary Science Reviews .  While it was previously known that this area had been occupied beginning at least 12,600 years ago, as evidenced by the rock art, researchers were able to get a better understanding of how the area was utilized and any instances when it wasn’t occupied at all.   "The 'peopling' of South America represents one of the great migrations of human history — but their arrival into the Amazon biome has been little understood," Mark Robinson , a...

In Graeco-Roman tradition, Echidna is a hybrid creature, a gigantic half-woman, and half snake . As a tall, full of charm, and beautiful woman from the waist below, she was a hideous serpent.In other words – Echidna – described by Hesiod as an ‘impossible monster’ – is a remarkable creature and a mother of a pantheon of spirits with fierce temperament, who, among many other monstrous spirits, represented dark forces. These forces were created in the earliest times of the violent wars conducted by the gods. Some of these creatures survived the conflicts and continued to haunt and seriously endanger human s.Echidna was an offspring of the primal gods Gaia and Tartarus (or Chrysaor and Callirhoe), Echidna never aged, but she was not immortal. She was a proud mother of many terrifying children with her brother and husband Typhoon. She represented the corruption of the earth, decay, and disease.One of them was Hydra, and others like Cerberus (Kérberos), the two-headed hound O...